Systematic Review on Cybersecurity in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV)

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) represents a critical evolution in intelligent transportation systems. It is a key advancement in intelligent transportation systems, where vehicles connect and communicate effectively with each other, utilizing great infrastructure that enables real-time data exchange and various advanced features. The paper spells out the attack vectors—such as MITM, DoS, spoofing and malware-based intrusions. However, it also poses some serious cybersecurity threats. This systematic literature review investigates the key security challenges in the IoV landscape and their countermeasures in VANETs through a comprehensive analysis of research conducted from 2015-2024. The review explores a range of security solutions that are currently being studied. Emphasis is focused on cryptographic protocols, machine learning based intrusion detection systems, and blockchain technologies, given their effectiveness, limitations, and suitability for resource-constrained vehicular environments. Even with the substantial progress, challenges remain in achieving real-time threat detection, ensuring interoperability, and developing lightweight yet effective security solutions. This review highlights these gaps and outlines future research directions, advocating for an integrated and adaptive cybersecurity framework according to the dynamic and heterogeneous nature of IoV networks.