Skeletal and Dentoalveolar Changes Using Removable and Fixed Functional Appliances in Class II Malocclusion

The prevalence of Class II malocclusion is common in orthodontic practice. Functional appliance therapy has become a generally accepted method to treat severe and moderate discrepancies of sagittal jaw relations in children. A variety of different functional appliances are available but their selection is of prime importance. The efficacy of functional appliances and changes produced by their application are still the subject of controversy. Functional appliances encompass a range of removable and fixed devices that are designed to create three-dimensional changes in the dentition and development of the jaws. This literature review attempts to summarize the skeletal and dentoalveolar changes produced by different functional appliances in Class II malocclusion with the help of recent databases (2000-2021).