Enhancing Crop Yields with IoT Driven Smart Agriculture Systems

As global food demand increases amid climate change and dwindling natural resources, there is an urgent need to adopt more intelligent and sustainable farming practices. Without real-time awareness and optimization, traditional ways of farming methods do not make full use of resources and bring about below-average crop results. With Internet of Things (IoT), farmers can automate tasks, watch over operations all the time, and rely on data for making decisions. The goal of this paper is to propose and examine an IoT framework for smart agriculture meant to improve environmental conditions and crop production efficiency. There are sensors in the system that measure moisture, temperature, humidity, and light, plus LoRa and 5G connections for communication, edge units for processing, and a cloud system for detailed analysis and visualization. Through the mobile and web portal, farmers can receive immediate feedback and useful information to improve their farming. Using this system on real farms resulted in better scheduling of irrigation, better crop health, and higher overall yields. Results conclude that IoT can lower expenses for farmers at the same time as producing a larger crop, making it a realistic and flexible solution for current agriculture in remote and under-resourced regions.