Secure and Compressed Data Transmission Using ECC Key Sharing, DNA Cryptography, and LZ77 Compression

In the evolving landscape of digital communication, the need for secure, lightweight, and efficient data protection mechanisms is more critical than ever, particularly for bandwidth-constrained and privacy-sensitive applications. This paper proposes a novel hybrid cryptographic framework that synergistically combines three powerful techniques: Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), DNA-based cryptography, and LZ77 data compression. The framework utilizes ECC for secure key sharing between communication parties due to its strong security and low computational overhead. Once the session key is established, DNA cryptographic techniques are applied for the encryption and decryption of sensitive data, exploiting the high parallelism, randomness, and vast encoding capacity of DNA sequences. To further enhance transmission efficiency, the plaintext is first compressed using the LZ77 algorithm, reducing redundancy before encryption. This layered approach not only ensures high security and resistance to cryptanalytic attacks but also achieves significant data compression, making it suitable for secure data transmission in constrained environments such as Internet of Things (IoT) and telemedicine. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme maintains confidentiality, integrity, and performance, while significantly optimizing storage and transmission requirements.